> If we’re embarking on a change that is not really refactoring (for example looking at a bug or an adjustment after a third party change), we can’t fix it with refactoring.

Funnily enough I did once fix a bug through refactoring. IIRC it was some intermittent race condition in some async code that I just couldn’t figure out, so I rewrote the code to do the same thing but simpler and the problem disappeared. I was too tired and relieved to continue figuring it out why it was originally broken.