They probably outsource processing the data and storing it to other entities, but that will be under contracts which govern how the data may be used and handled. I assume that's not what "sell the data" means in this conversation.
It would be such an egregious violation of local data protection law to sell patient personal details for unrestricted commercial use, including their contact info, and it would make the political news where I live if they were found out.
I have access to ... zero patient data. Our entire test database is synthetic records.
EU law means little in this respect, since it's not enforced and most people don't understand enough on the subject to even evaluate what's going on with their data (or their clients data).
It's formulated so that they can give those contacts away rather than sell them, but only to the rest of the medical goods & services supplychain that are involved in your care, who are also bound by HIPAA.
The worst dark pattern this has generated so far seems to be pharmaceutical company drug reps bribing your doctor to change what they would prescribe you.
The worst that's likely to happen without regulation, as far as I can tell, involves an associated provider just leaking UnitedHealthcare's full database of every patient and every condition.
Plus its highly amoral and doctors here are still coming from idealistic breed that wanted to help people, those 2 are practically exclusive.
Interesting thought policing you have in there.