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You can, with ish (https://ish.app). It is a bit slow though and doesn't support the newest releases. (Well and by default it runs Alpine instead of Debian)

UTM? https://getutm.app/

I was very curious but it looks like UTM is unable to JIT properly on newer iOS versions. They might want a desktop Debian with better performance.

But you can with UTM, don't you?

I’d check out multipass from canonical. IIRC you can specify the image it uses.