They should depend on individual case specifics, which is exactly what PAC learning is bad at.

A judgement is by necessity subjective. Have a look at some sentencing remarks, for example this, point 19 forward: https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Wayne-Co...

Someone has to make a call. The weight of the call rests on the person's life experience, their understanding of the context and the cost to the society, their empathy to both the defendant and the accused, and their conscience. Treating it as a black box exercise misses the point completely.