Imo the most "unhinged" cpus for AVX-512 are early batches of Alder Lakes which is the only cpu family that has nearly full coverage of all existing avx-512 subsets.
AVX-512 was never part of the specification for those CPUs. It was never advertised as a feature or selling point. You had to disable the E cores to enable AVX-512, assuming your motherboard even supported it.
Alder Lake AVX-512 has reached mythical status, but I think the number of people angry about it is far higher than the number of people who ever could have taken advantage of it and benefitted from it. For general purpose workloads, having the E cores enabled (and therefore AVX-512 disabled) was faster. You had to have an extremely specific workload that didn't scale well with additional cores and also had hot loops that benefitted from AVX-512, which was not very common.
So you're right: They never wanted people to use it. It wasn't advertised and wasn't usable without sacrificing all of the E cores and doing a lot of manual configuration work. I suspect they didn't want people using it because they never validated it. AVX-512 mode increased the voltages, which would impact things like failure rate and warranty returns. They probably meant to turn it off but forgot in the first versions.
The Intel-AMD x86-64 architecture is full of horrible things, starting with the System Management Mode added in 1990, which have been added by Intel only because every time Microsoft has refused to update Windows, expecting that the hardware vendors must do the work instead of Microsoft for enabling Windows to continue to work on newer hardware, even when that causes various disadvantages for the customers.
Moreover, even if Intel had not said that Alder Lake will support AVX-512, they also had not said that the P-cores of Alder Lake will not support AVX-512.
Therefore everybody had expected that Intel will continue to provide backward compatibility, as always before that, so the P-cores of Alder Lake will continue to support any instruction subset that had been supported by Rocket Lake and Tiger Lake and Ice Lake and Cannon Lake.
The failure to be compatible with their previous products has been a surprise for everybody.
Thus, SMM, because there was no other way to hook power management on a 386 laptop running " normal" DOS
Also, it's been cheaper to implement various features through small piece of code instead of adding a separate MCU to handle them, including prosaic things like handling NVRAM storage for variables (instead of interacting with external MCU or having separate NVRAM, you end up with SMM code being "trusted" to update the homogenous flash chip that contains both NVRAM and boot code)
In theory, there was: you could have a separate microcontroller, accessed through some of the I/O ports, doing the power management; it's mostly how it's done nowadays, with the EC (Embedded Controller) on laptops (and nowadays there's also the PSP or ME, which is a separate processor core doing startup and power management for the main CPU cores). But back then, it would also be more expensive (a whole other chip) than simply adding an extra mode to the single CPU core (multiple cores back then usually required multiple CPU chips).
Wait. I thought the article says only Tiger Lake supports the vp2intersect instruction. Is that not true then?
So it was expected that any future Intel CPUs will remain compatible. Removing an important instruction subset has never happened before in Intel's history.
Only AMD has removed some instructions when passing from a 32-bit ISA to a 64-bit ISA, most of which were obsolete (except that removing interrupt on overflow was bad and it does not simplify greatly a CPU core, since there are many other sources of precise exceptions that must still be supported; the only important effect of removing INTO is that many instructions can be retired earlier than otherwise, which reduces the risk of filling up the retirement queue).
As for the downsides of disabling the E-cores, there were Alder Lake SKUs that were P-core only and had no E-cores.
Not all workloads are widely parallelizable and AVX-512 has features that are also useful for highly serialized workloads such as decompression, even at narrower than 512-bit width. Part of the reason that AVX-512 has limited usage is that Intel has set back widespread adoption of AVX-512 by half a decade by dropping it again from their consumer SKUs, with AVX10/256 only to return starting in ~2026.
[1]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Vector_Extensions
https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.06342
https://www.reddit.com/r/asm/comments/110pld0/fasterthannati...