Yes, with maps. The Apple Watch Strava app will record and upload directly or you can import workouts from Apple Health, both give you GPS, HR, etc.

If recorded elsewhere it can depend, but that’s due to Strava being irritating/changing/dropping integration features in the last couple of years and not an Apple ecosystem issue.

Or those people have maps uploaded but have chosen not to make them public?

It used to be a fairly unintuitive manual process but Strava enabled auto-import with full GPS and heart rate import recently.