I had the impression Debian applied patches that widen arch support from what upstream officially supports, including for the MI50/MI60.
https://salsa.debian.org/rocm-team/rocm-hipamd/-/raw/d6d2014... (one patch of many)
https://salsa.debian.org/rocm-team/rocm-hipamd/-/raw/d6d2014... (one patch of many)
Now, for some other GPU architectures, you're absolutely right. There are indeed important patches in Debian that enable its extra-wide hardware compatibility.