GitHub Actions allows you to only run checks if certain conditions are met, like "only lint markdown if the PR contains *.md files". The moment you decide to use such rules, you have the "Pull request and required checks" problem. No "monorepo" required.
GitHub required checks at this time allow you to use with external services where GitHub has no idea what might run. For this reason, required checks HAVE to pass. There's no "if it runs" step. A required check on an external service might never run, or it might be delayed. Therefore, if GH doesn't have an affirmation that it passed, you can't merge.
It would be wonderful if for jobs that run on GH where GH can know if the action is supposed to run, if required checks could be "require all these checks if they will be triggered".
I have encountered this problem on every non-trivial project I use with GitHub actions; monorepo or not.