What safeguards? Obfuscating your IDs by... replacing them with one-to-one mapped other IDs?
The other very common pattern is https://example.com/profiles/852c1a9a-29ae-4638-9d82-50e0d40... or its b36 encoding which are shitty for reading over the phone but otherwise definitely safe from enumeration
Second, HN usernames are 100% enumerable. 'asdfgf' is an example of account which has never posted.