Examples include, quant libraries, in-house APIs/tools, etc.
Worked great except for conda making the terrible mistake of compressing package files with bzip2 which took forever to decompress for huge packages.
I see no reason you can't install any kind of non-Python thing that a Python system wants with uv because a wheel is just a ZIP file, so long as it doesn't need to be installed in a particular place you can just unpack it and go.
The problem is all the things that do need to be installed in a particular place. Linux seems to have a lot of those, especially if they're build-time dependencies for something else. Hence the need for, and slow development of, https://peps.python.org/pep-0725/ (relevant background, though I'm sure you know this sort of stuff: https://pypackaging-native.github.io/ ).
Conda packages general binary packages, not just python packages. uv is just python packages.