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> Do untyped languages even exist, or could they? Even POSIX shell and assembler type their values.

I program in assembly language. Memory is just a big array of bytes. Values don't have types, but each instruction chooses what type to interpret memory as - e.g. uint8, int16, float32, x86 real-mode pointer, long-mode pointer, etc.

BCPL[0], BLISS[1], and Forth[2] are all untyped.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCPL

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLISS

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(programming_language)

I think one can reasonably argue that, if the language only has a single type, it is effectively "untyped".

That would mean languages like Tcl. Or, for that matter, B.