http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ21.pdf
http://www.teachingcopyright.org/curriculum/hs
I do make use of copyrighted materials to prepare class handouts (especially), but because there are restrictions of reproductions of materials even for teachers, I generally prefer to use materials that have been put on the Web specifically for use by other teachers. That's because then I know there is a license from the copyright holder for the use I intend.
There are at least two organizations now for sharing classroom materials, one a commercial service that charges fees,
http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/
and one coordinated as a nonprofit organization, for sharing free materials,
but when I visit those sites, I rarely find anything suitable for my classes, so I usually do direct searches by subject on Google, sometimes site-restricting to sites of educational institutions, to find suitable materials for my classes.