This exists. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STIR/SHAKEN
(The answer in my experience is: you can’t, and next, nobody knows what the different attestation levels mean, and many legit calls still come in without any attestation)
It’s like if browsers only told you that https was enabled after you POSTed your credit card number to the remote site.
It's utterly ineffective to the scale of attack.
The system will die, if not from the abuse than from rejection by individuals, businesses, and organisations. And I suspect we'll never again have a single universally-accessible voice comms system again.
Email has similarly been slowly dying for similar reasons.