Pipelining in stages like fetch and decode are mostly hidden in these small benchmarks, but are visible when there are branch misprediction, other types of flushes, I$ misses and so on.
Pipelining in stages like fetch and decode are mostly hidden in these small benchmarks, but are visible when there are branch misprediction, other types of flushes, I$ misses and so on.
I'm curious what you think the distinction is? Those statements are equivalent. The circuit implementing "an instruction" can't work in a single cycle, so you break it up and overlap sequentially issued instructions. Exactly what they do will be different for different hardware, sure, clearly we've moved beyond the classic four stage Patterson pipeline. But that doesn't make it a different kind of pipelining!
I.e., a lot of what you need to model for tight loops only depends on the execution latencies (as little as 1 cycle), and not on the full pipeline end-to-end latency (almost always more than 10 cycles on big OoO, maybe more than 20).
Those are different notions of pipelining with different motivations: one is motivated by "instruction-level parallelism," and the other is motivated by "achieving higher clock rates." If 64-bit multiplication were not pipelined, the minimum achievable clock period would be constrained by "how long it takes for bits to propagate through your multiplier."
Which are exactly the same thing? For exactly the same reasons?
Sure, you can focus your investigation on one or the other but that doesn't change what they are or somehow change the motivations for why it is being done.
And you can have a shorter clock period than your non-pipelined multiplier just fine. Just that other uses of that multiplier would stall in the meantime.