Rust has this one - though the ergonomics are a little awkward. Its called NonZero:

https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/num/type.NonZeroU32.html

Nim has Natural and Positive (signed int) types that checked at compile and runtime. You can also define arbitrary range types for any ordinal type, for example enums:

  type
    Month = enum Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, ...
    SpringMonth = range[Mar..May]
  
  var m: SpringMonth = Mar

It will raise under/overflow exception if value falls out of range.

Easy enough to write in some languages... as long as you only need to support addition and multiplication, or a very limited set of numbers.