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Is this true of farming in general? How much does the cost of a loaf of bread compare to price paid to the farmer for the wheat?

I just learned the trivia that for milk in Germany the ratio was around 30% going to farmers which seemed surprisingly good

To be fair, milk doesn't undergo that much treatment compared to bread or chocolate.

Always has been. Middlemen eat most of the margin. A bushel of wheat is cheaper than a fancy loaf of bread.