Checked Exceptions are nothing but errors as values with some syntactic sugar for the most common use case (bubbling up the error).

Gos version of value errors is just micrometers ahead of C style error codes. In both cases you get told "there could be an error", the error is a value of one single type (error/int), and you have to manually find out which different errors this value could represent.

If you want to know what you're missing, check out Rusts error handling.