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Pink pepper can refer to three different species, from the Euonymus and Schinus families. One is from Madagascar and the other one is from South America. As another example, Sichuan pepper can come from 6 different species of the Zanthoxylum family.

There are two very distinct types of cinnamon…

Well that's sort of a good example. The word "coriander" is used all over the world, but in some places refers to the leaf (in other word, what some places call "cilantro") and in other places refers to the ground seed.

Za'atar is the name of a herb and also a spice mix

asking for pepper in a dish might result in different results based on your region....

cumin and persian cumin (caraway) is one such example

Also long pepper/black pepper (piper in Latin)