>Each computer had BASIC.
And each BASIC was usually capable of direct hardware control.
That was one of the differences between different proprietary BASIC versions.
They each had the same "framework" but were enhanced with the extra commands or syntax to accommodate the specific hardware they were intended to be used with.
I would say that ROM BASIC, and even better combined with an industrial-grade ROM OS, was the desktop paradigm that should never have been compromised.
Too bad ROM chips were so much more expensive than floppy disk storage, so we got "Disk Operating Systems" instead and here we are.
Then as soon as the IBM PC was beginning to be well-adopted by businesses, no more BASIC ROMs for you.
After that BASIC would be supplied on floppy disk, and you would have to pay extra, if you even knew it had been the key to user programmability on everything comparable that went before, most of what was still out there.
Like Commodores, TRS-80's, Ataris, Apples, and all early IBM PCs up until that point.
But most people weren't going to pay extra for many reasons and the user-programmability of the PC, as well as it's widespread readiness for any PC to run anybody's BASIC program with no other dependencies, dropped to an abysmally nil level compared to how it was the year before. Never has recovered either.
Even though there was very little software yet that did lots of things that specific users might have been wanting to do, so with a desktop computer boom there was a need for more user-programming than ever. On what started out to be a universal platform, pulling those ROMs was like pulling the rug out from under the future as it was intended to be up until that point. With 20/20 hindsight it looks like billions in lost opportunities for PC owners or operators to make the most of their PCs across-the-board for decades. When you think about it, simplicity & availability, or lack of it, can be worth a lot and really add up over that much time.
But losing the integrity level traditionally needed for an immutable ROM OS, that truly had to be a finished product before release, had been the bigger blow to begin with.
"This is by design."