What computation would that be?
Also, what is the relationship, if any, between quantum computing and AI? Are these technologies complementary?
To me that sounds a bit like saying my "sand computer" (hourglass) is way faster than a classical computer, because it'd take a classical computer trillions of years to exactly simulate the final position of every individual grain of sand.
Sure, it proves that your quantum computer is actually a genuine quantum computer, but it's not going to be topping the LINPACK charts or factoring large semiprimes any time soon, is it?
To date all attempt to produce valid claims of quantum supremacy via this channel have failed on closer inspection, and there is no reason to assume otherwise in this case until researchers have had time to look at the paper. There's a number of skeptics in the quantum computing field that believe that this is simply not possible.
It won't be factoring large numbers yet because that computation requires the ability to perform millions of operations on thousands of qubits without any errors. You need very good error correction to do that, but luckily that's the other thing they demonstrated. Only when they do error correction, they are basically combining their system down into one effective qubit. They'll need to scale by several orders of magnitude to have hundreds of error corrected qubits to do factoring.
Ongoing research.
The main idea of quantum machine learning is that qubits make an exponentially high-dimensional space with linear resources, so can store and compute a lot of data easily.
However, getting the data in and results out of the quantum computer is tricky, and if you need many iterations in your optimization, that may destroy any advantage you have from using quantum computers.
AI is quite good in producing the meaningless drivel needed for quantum computing related press releases.
AI is limited in part by the computation available at training and runtime. If your computer is 10^X times faster, then your model is also "better". Thats why we have giant warehouses full of H100 chips pulling down a few megawatts from the grid right now. Quantum computing could theoretically allow your phone to do that.
Are there AI algorithms that would benefit from quantum?
Though the more I think about this, the more I wonder how they really would compare if you made a strictly apples-to-apples comparison.
[1] https://psychology.stackexchange.com/questions/12385/how-muc...