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I think 88 of the 96 cores per cou are assigned to the VM and the rest are assigned to the underlying hypervisor. I remember seeing that somewhere.

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When you're dedicating a whole system to a single VM, you need have some spares for the underlying OS to keep it happy.

The OS needs cores and RAM to be able to keep the system up. Everything from network cards to services need some spare power, otherwise things go very wrong, and the experience of the tenant becomes very bad.

Or you need separate dedicated hardware for the hypervisor, like AWS has with Nitro.

The article says single-tenant, so that would be a waste of 32 cores for just one VM? Seems a lot.

That hypervisor, in the case of Azure, does more than normal... AWS seems to offload a LOT more to extra hardware. only ever seen MS mention hardware offload for networking... could be wrong, mind you...

Ok, I see, maybe these cores are managing things like i/o and hardware monitoring. Thanks for the opening.

Well, Windows has a lot of svchost.exe processes running. /s

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