Tasks expand to take up the available time, even if usefulness doesn’t.
I suspect you’d see little loss in cutting down to 32/hr/week, and I suspect it would be more than made up for by the gains of giving people that extra day. So it may be a net positive.
I guess my main concern is that a lot of companies (not speaking about Japan here, just the US) might decide to use four days a week as a way to make people crunch four days thinking that having three days off would make up for that. And things wouldn’t really be any better.
If you took a 4x per week job, you'd usually get a 20% pay reduction; however, many jobs could be compressed to 4 days without any loss in productivity.
but if you've got a project, and you can just put your head down and work, then 10s are really nice.
The biggest issue with 10s is commute time. If you work 10s with an hour+ commute, that's just awful.
probably not long-term sustainable.
Otoh, if you take mass transit, waiting an hour or two may put you into all stop trains which could increase your commute time.