Edit: Being completely serious here. My reasoning was that if the robot had a comprehensive model of the world and of how harm can come to humans, and was designed to avoid that, then jailbreaks that cause dangerous behavior could be rejected at that level. (i.e. human safety would take priority over obeying instructions... which is literally the Three Laws.)
I vaguely recall it involved two or three robots who were unaware of what the previous robots had done. First, a person asks one robot to purchase a poison, then asks another to dissolve this powder into a drink, then another serves that drink to the victim. I read the story decades ago, but the very rough idea stands.
You might be thinking of Let's Get Together? There is a list there of the few short stories in which the robots act against the three laws.
That being said the Robot stories are meant to be a counter to the Robot As Frankenstein's Monster stories that were prolific at the time. In most of the stories robots literally cannot harm humans. It is built into the structure of their positronic brain.
I think the various safeguards companies put on their models, are, their attempt at the three laws. The concept is sort of silly though. You have a lot of western LLMs and AIs which have safeguards build on western culture. I know some people could argue about censorship and so on all day, but if you’re not too invested in red vs blue, I think you’ll agree that current LLMs are mostly “safe” for us. Nobody forces you to put safeguards on your AI though and once models become less energy consuming (if they do), then you’re going to see an jihadGPT, because why wouldn’t you? I don’t mean to single out Islam, insure we’re going to see all sorts of horrible models in the next decade. Models which will be all to happy helping you build bombs, 3D print weapons and so on.
So even if we had thinking AI, and we were capable of building in actual safeguards, how would you enforce it on a global scale? The only thing preventing these things is the computation required to run the larger models.
And in those stories it was enforced in the following way: the earth banned robots. In response the three laws were created and it was proved that robots couldn't disobey them.
So I guess the first step is to ban LLMs until they can prove they are safe ... Something tells be that ain't happening.
There’s also still the HF step that needs to be incorporated, which is expensive! But the alternative is Waymo, which keeps the law perfectly even when “everybody knows” it needs to be broken sometimes for traffic(society) to function acceptably. So the above strong prior needs to be coordinated with HF and the appropriate penalties assigned…
In other words. It’s a mess! But assumptions of “AGI” don’t really help anyone.
I don't know how close we are to that, but it seems like a good start!