You can definitely block AirPlane mode without a passcode on iOS. I disabled the access to the control center when the iPhone is locked. Therefore thieves won’t be able to do so.
Downside is that you need to manually disable the automation if you actually wish to use airplane mode (and also remember to re-enable it when done)
I can remember to disable the shortcut whenever I fly and need to enable it.
If they pop my SIM (my provider doesn't use eSIMs...) then there's a PIN on it to prevent use in another device.
Theft Detection Lock uses AI, your device's motion sensors, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth to detect if someone unexpectedly takes your device and runs away. If Theft Detection Lock detects that your device is taken from you, it automatically locks your device's screen to protect its content.