Some cities will put BLE beacons in tunnels that transmit the location and then you can find your location via the strongest beacon signal. This seems like a nice way to figure that out without installing hardware!
(Although in fairness they so often get this laughably wrong, and cycle through useless "remember your luggage" style messages so you have to wait like 20s to see the information you want - critically bad on a train.)
I will literally volunteer my time to canvass for anyone who runs on busting NYC public sector unions