It can be done safely with an upgrade method that requires an owned read guard. The RwLock implementation provided by the parking_lot crate supports this safely:
let lock = RwLock::new(Box::new(111));
let read = lock.upgradable_read();
let r: &i32 = &**read; // points to 111
*RwLockUpgradableReadGuard::upgrade(read) = Box::new(222); // error[E0505]: cannot move out of `read` because it is borrowed
println!("{}", *r);