In theory yes. In practice, the TI 83/84 are probably not beefy enough, and the NumWorks has a keyboard that makes the endeavour really complicated.
It's also possible to install JupyterLab etc on Android with termux: `pkg install proot gitea python; pip install jupyterlab pandas` iirc
But that doesn't limit the user to a non-QWERTY A-Z keyboard for the College Board.
jupyter notebooks can be (partially auto-) graded in containers with Otter-Grader or nbgrader; and there's nbgitpuller or jupyterlab-git for revision control or source control in (applied) mathematics