Mapping How Programming Languages Influenced Each Other According to Wikipedia
blog.ouseful.info
blog.ouseful.info
It isn't just having a good mathematical model or strong abstract theory. Eiffel got co/contravariance wrong (or at least, incomplete), after all.
http://www.digibarn.com/collections/posters/tongues/tongues....
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(hardware_description_lang...
The graphic shows a kind of downward flow from ALGOL (which is fair enough) but you can almost see modern programming languages as lying in an overlapping confluence of ideas from ALGOL and Lisp (and Simula, itself derived from ALGOL a close third), but Lisp is at the bottom-left.
(so people realize you're joking)