Indeed, specialist knowledge is a real constraint, but I think it’s possible to at least _orient_ towards building systems that require no baseline level of skill (the fast food model I guess) or towards training your staff so they acquire the necessary level of skills to work with a less accessible system. I suspect that the second pathway results in higher productivity and achievement in the long term.

However, management tends to align with reducing the baseline level of skill, presumably because it’s convenient for various business reasons to have everyone be a replaceable “resource”, and to have new people quickly become productive without requiring expensive training.

Ironically, this is one of the factors that drives ever faster job hopping, which reinforces the need for replaceable “resources”, and on it goes.