I am surprised that Gazelle is still such a strong brand and is made in the Netherlands. And also that, in general, bicycle manufacturing is resilient within the whole EU, despite the rising costs people rightfully complain about.
It is still a strong brand among the middle-aged and older population. It is now owned by Pon Holdings, and Gazelle has been in trouble in the last 20 years, with multiple reorganizsations. Road bikes and mountain bikes have completely gone as a result. Other companies under the Pon umbrella still offer road bikes and mountain bikes, even sponsor pro teams.
Don’t most European manufacturers just buy frames from Taiwan or even China and just combine them with Taiwanese/Chinese/Malaysian parts from SRAM/Shimano? I don’t think a lot of manufacturing is actually done in Europe.