Intel spends more on R&D than Nvidia and AMD combined
tomshardware.com
tomshardware.com
AMD and Nvidia are fabless.
>But more importantly, Intel spends billions on new semiconductor production process technologies. Every new manufacturing process typically requires billions in upfront research and development investments. Intel also develops packaging technologies, which require a lot of R&D money.
Design R&D is mostly spending on staff & software.
Fabs have billions of dollars of hard infrastructure to build.
OP posted that context?
Surely there is, especially within the constraints of a commercial company, a reasonable a) direction and b) limit to research.
Research for the sake of it is called academia.
Intel's R&D produces a lot of technology that works but never makes it into a product.
For anyone that wants a closer comparison.