Yes. But using USB devices has a practically infinitely greater attack surface that parsing data embedded in a QR Code. It's not like yo have to read QR Codes and go "echo $QRData | sudo bash"

"BadUSB is a computer security attack using USB devices that are programmed with malicious software.[2] For example, USB flash drives can contain a programmable Intel 8051 microcontroller, which can be reprogrammed, turning a USB flash drive into a malicious device.[3] This attack works by programming the fake USB flash drive to emulate a keyboard. Once it is plugged into a computer, it is automatically recognized and allowed to interact with the computer. It can than then initiate a series of keystrokes which open a command window and issue commands to download malware. " -- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BadUSB