In my previous position, we accomplished this using a "dev docker" (which I covered generally in a previous post: https://blog.fahhem.com/2023/12/dev-onboarding-then-now/) that's based around a specific version of Ubuntu (20.04) so the glibc is tied to that.

In another project, I used a hermetic C++ toolchain (you can use gcc with https://github.com/f0rmiga/gcc-toolchain/ or clang/llvm with https://github.com/bazel-contrib/toolchains_llvm) that pulled in its own (locked) version of glibc and lld, etc.