>>Why do I hate going to the gym / lifting weight & cardio so much?
Seems pretty much the same case with thinking too. Thinking hard doesn't come naturally to people either. Though doing it often can not only save your life(speaking evolutionarily), it can also improve your quality of life.
Its the same thing with fasting. There are big benefits to fasting long intervals of time, but we like to eat despite it giving us diseases.
Perhaps one needs to do some of it for a while to start liking it. Then it kind of becomes likeable. I do see people enjoying playing sports, or playing chess.
>> Why do I feel no obvious benefits from a month of 4-days a week of weight training (apart from some extra strength & minor visible changes)?
Combined with some diet thing, that builds good momentum.
>>If exercise is so potent and so beneficial, then shouldn't I crave it the way I crave sugar? Or at least not actively dislike it?
Children hate to eat, and like to play a lot. Does feel like it comes with our nature. We just run the opposite direction.