This all started because Elon Musk actively chose to give voice to specific known terrorists. This really isn't about political speech, there was actual violence involved (that's the definition of a terrorist).
The way the judge is mingling assets stored in different companies (just because they have some common ownership) isn't how things usually work in America, but we shouldn't expect such paper shields to hold up so easily everywhere.
As for the much-quoted "threatened to arrest the legal representative [note: I'm pretty sure it's not 'someone acting as a lawyer', but more like 'regional representative of the company']" - what do you expect when you refuse to obey a court order? Arrests happen for that in America too.
I don't speak enough Portuguese to read all the original sources without machine translation, but I saw enough that I'm pretty sure I got the gist of it, even if I didn't go through all the procedural details.