Assuming that pi has an infinite number of digits, then the answer to "What is the longest known sequence that repeats in Pi?" is "The longest known sequence of Pi".
01001000100001...
I am not familiar with how a proof of that would be constructed, as clearly numerical or computational measurements could never be conclusive.
01000100
But maybe I don’t understand your exampleThere may be some long repeats, but not all sequences repeat. Thanks!
Using the pigeonhole principle, there must be at least one length N repeating string in the first N(N!+1) characters of any string.