Wikipedia has:

Shard (database architecture) > Etymology: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shard_(database_architecture)#...

Partition > Horizontal partitioning --> Sharding: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_(database)

Database scalability > Techniques > Partitioning: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_scalability

Network partition: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_partition