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Galois fields happen to be something else named in honour of Galois.
"Originally, the theory had been developed for algebraic equations whose coefficients are rational numbers."
That quote about equations with rational numbers was from here. Galois didn't have a computer of course. Rational Numbers and trisecting an angle sound related.
Galois fields have nothing to do with being able to represent rational numbers in a computer: elements of a finite field aren't even rational numbers.