One of the potential remedies is to require Google to open source their crawling data. This should make it easier for others who want to build a competing search engine.
The hard part is turning that staggering amount of unstructured data into a useful search engine, and in particular fighting off black-hat SEO.
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/14/technology/how-google-dom...
The AI goldrush also has sites scrambling to block any crawlers other than a short list of approved search engines. Even before this mess Googlebot running on Google IPs often received special treatment.
Search itself is still a hard problem but one that can be solved independently. Crawling on the other hand requires websites to cooperate and due to Google's size enough won't care to bother with anyone else.