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If a family farm couldn't produce it themselves I try to avoid it. I think this works pretty well as a rule of thumb (and justifies me stilling having beer and wine lol)

Processed foods usually refers to packaged snacks, food with lots of added ingredients, corn oils, artificial ingredients, etc or fast food/junk food ordered at restaurants/fast-casual places.

There is a classification system for how processed foods are:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_classification

Under that classification, boiling potatoes counts as processing them.

Something as minor as rinsing fruit in tap water can count as processing - it could affect the lifespan of the fruit or its nutritional content.

Of course, that isn't the only definition out there.

I think most people are referring to the “Ultra-processed” category when they talk about processed foods in a health context.

Pedantics aside, they probably mean ultra-processed.

Ketchup is processed, tomatoes are not. Processed contains added salt, sweetener, preservatives etc.

It's hard to draw a hard line but with common sense you can figure it out.