Can anyone advise what is the most common language used in enterprise settings for interfacing with K8s?
On the platform integration/hook side (app code doing specialised platform-specific integration stuff, extensions to k8s itself), golang is the lingua franca but bindings for many languages are around and good.
A common pattern you'll see though is skipping writing any sort of code and instead using a higher level dsl-ish configuration usually via yaml, using tools like Kyverno.
If you want to build your own Kubernetes Custom Resources and Controllers, Go lang works pretty well for that.