More info here: https://docs.mrchromebox.tech/
Chromeboxes aside, I've installed various Linux distros on different MiniPCs and the outcome has always been great; the only caveat is to check if your particular model does like to be used without a monitor. In some cases they didn't and refused to boot, but I solved by connecting on the HDMI port one of those cheap "virtual monitor", "dummy monitor", etc. dongles sold to perform this exact function.
From the above site I landed on the Dell WYZE 7020 / Zx0Q... Some models of which have 4 cores (also accidentally bought a dual core version), supports 16GB DDR3, are passively cooled without a fan, and cost me about $50 on eBay (add $20 for a 16GB RAM kit to bring the total to $70)
It's about as fast as a Raspberry Pi 4, and has been great for letting me spin up a docker container to play around with a database or a message broker or what have you.
I limited my search to only fanless designs though; if you are fine with fans then I'm sure there are more performant options out there.