I think the first part of The Lady or the Tiger might be fun.
To Mock A Mockingbird might work too, but the initial learning curve might be too steep. The Island of Knights and Knaves part could work.
Satan, Cantor and Infinity has some good parts, too.
Not a lot but it's a start. You could do the Seven Bridges of Koenigsberg after that one.
The game of Sprouts can be good.
The older PBS cartoon series Cyber Chase has math in every episode, from geometry to some game theory. I will grant that some episodes are clunky.
You can use various Star Wars characters to do different number bases - Yoda has 6 fingers, base 6. Jar Jar Binks has eight. One of Ben Tens manifestations has 4 arms each with 4 fingers for base 16