If you set n=2^140, then sure, it’s constant. If instead you only have n<=2^140, then n varies across a large set and is practically indistinguishable from n<=infinity (since we get into the territory of the number of atoms in the universe), therefore you can perform limit calculations on it, in particular big O stuff.

In the article n was set to 5. All of those arrays (except maybe 1) have exactly 5 elements. There is no variance (and even if there was, it would be tiny, there is no point in talking about limits of 5-element sequences).