Mysterious electrical bursts warn of material collapse
newscientist.com
newscientist.com
http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/119/why-do-wintergr...
Earthquakes are known to sometimes be preceded by unexplained balls of light much further in advance. If this phenomenon is related, the warning period likely exceeds just a few seconds.
Japan's high-speed rail lines are already programmed to shut down when a significant earthquake is (automatically) detected from body-wave arrivals.
Of course, this only helps if you're not very close to the epicenter of the earthquake.
Also, not to be too pedantic, but "earthquake lightning" has only been reliably documented after or during earthquake rupture. It is a weird and apparently real phenomenon, though.
E.g. http://www.ep.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/~heki/pdf/2011GL047908.pdf
I haven't heard of an infra-red-visible precursor of any sort, at any rate, though I could be very wrong there.
http://www.technologyreview.com/view/424033/atmosphere-above...
HAARP
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The earthquake in question was one of the least damaging big quakes ever. My sons slept through it. It was some ungodly middle-of-the-night hour. I was really freaked out and jumped up from deep sleep to try to figure out what was going on, realized it was a quake and turned on the bedroom TV. We kept having aftershocks and I was trying to watch the News. My husband kept trying to sleep. I finally said "I don't know how you can sleep through this." He replied "I can't sleep because someone has the TV on."