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The Tenerife disaster (second-deadliest aviation incident in history, after 9/11) was ultimately caused by chaotic conditions due to too many airplanes having to be diverted and land at an alternate airport that wasn't equipped to handle them comfortably.

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I'd argue that Tenerife was due to taking off (in bad weather), not landing. But of course, a bunch of planes landing at the same airport without ATC sounds quite dangerous.

There were a lot of contributing causes, but it wouldn't have happened if not for the fact that Tenerife North airport was massively overcrowded due to Gran Canaria airport being suddenly closed (for unrelated reasons) and flights forced to divert.

The issue wasn't with landing specifically; I'm just using it as a general example of issues caused by havoc situations in aviation.

Also lack of visibility. The two pilots couldn't see each other through the fog.

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