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The problem is that security making things difficult results in employees resorting to workarounds like running rogue webservers to get their jobs done.

If IT security's KPIs are only things like "number of breaches" without any KPIs like "employee satisfaction", security will deteriorate.

The biggest problem I can see with default deny is that it makes if far harder to get uptake for new protocols once you get "we only allow ports 80 and 443 through the firewall".

Wich also makes the security benefit moot as now all malware also knows to use ports 80 and 443.

Yes, I think blocking outgoing connections by port is not the most useful approach, especially for default deny. Blocking incoming makes more sense, and should be default deny with allow for specific ports on specific servers.

One-week turnaround to open a port would be a dream in most large companies.