Singapore's Baby Bust: Record low births in 2023 deepen demographic crisis
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I honestly struggled to think of what would be a valuable way to have this discussion and it seems like there’s no way to avoid a flamewar.
The only thing I would add is that the English anthropologist Chris Knight wrote extensively about “sex strikes” (which goes beyond the simple act of sex of course, into the entire structural notion of child rearing as a social function) being the driver of cultural peace throughout human history in his critical 1991 book “blood relations”
Relevant chapter: http://www.chrisknight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/Sex-...
Seems fairly obvious that’s what’s happening and mirrors historical birth rate crashes aligning with general breakup of long running social expectations
Polybius wrote as such in 200BC:
“ In our time all Greece was visited by a dearth of children and generally a decay of population, owing to which the cities were denuded of inhabitants, and a failure of productiveness resulted, though there were no long-continued wars or serious pestilences among us.”
Birth rates crashe when people generally feel like there is no future for the current type of society or future societies that their current societies are headed towards.
https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext...
The best and the worst comments tend to be flagged. Not sure why we aren't allowed to continue the discussion within 'flagged' comments. Just hide it for those who don't want to see flagged threads and let the rest of us continue on.
> Birth rates crashe when people generally feel like there is no future for the current type of society or future societies that their current societies are headed towards.
Perhaps in certain instances in the past, but I doubt it. The current birth rate decline is a result of intentional policies of the elites. Starting with Europe and the US in the 60s and 70s and then these policies eventually got exported to or forced upon our 'allies' or major trading partners. The implementation of these policies varied from pushing '2 is enough' style propaganda to encourage couples to limit the amount of children, propaganda programming to encourage females to put off child bearing to work and of course enacting drastic policies like the 1 child policy ( the 1 child policy wasn't a chinese policy but one of american/european demands for opening trade and attaining foreign investment ). You can see it with bangladesh, india, etc. They are being forced to adopt 'child planning' policies by the US and Europe in exchange for investment. No doubt africa will get the same demands in the near future.
The birth rate decline isn't some natural quirk of society. It is a result of a planned systematic state policy. Everything from education to propaganda encourages men and women to have less children. What's laughable is that the same propagandists are scratching their heads wondering why fertility is declining all the while pushing propaganda to decrease fertility.
There are certainly anti-natalist groups out there, but I wouldn’t consider those some kind of elite. In fact they’re usually fairly heterodox.
Similarly, the only people I see pushing natalism at this point are far right wing people
Those don’t seem like coherent groups
What? Every major global institution and nation is backing 'family planning', encouraging women to work, etc.
https://static.mothership.sg/1/2018/05/family-planning-cover...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-child_policy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-child_policy
> Similarly, the only people I see pushing natalism at this point are far right wing people
And what 'far right' people are in charge of any major nation or global institution? None.
You'd have to be blind or driven by agenda to not see it. For the past few decades, from hollywood to the UN to education, we've been getting a certain messaging. As an american, I don't remember a single time where we were encouraged to have lots of children. All the messaging, in school, on tv, in movies, etc were all discouraging you from having children early and having lots of them.
Now whether it is a good thing or a bad thing it's up for debate. But it's silly to deny it. In modern times, birth rates are determined by the state. Prior to the current decline, many countries, such as china, iran, etc actually encouraged high birth rates and hence experienced population booms. We had a baby boom generation prior to the elites deciding to lower it.
So if the elites really wanted a population boom, they can switch the messaging and get the propaganda going. The masses follow where the propaganda leads them.
With respect to Knight and polybius, I agree that is an interesting perspective. It can also be viewed through the lens of the evolution of memes. Just like biological evolution, some species are dead ends, go extinct, or form unstable fits between organism and environment.
It stands that we would expect the same to be true for memes. It seems reasonable that some memes, either individually or in combination can be detrimental in a way terminal to the individual or society.
Evolutionary pressures being what they are, ideas that promote continuity will prevail unless there is a cataclysm. That said, changes can be abrupt and painful, like the bubonic plague killing half of Europe
I suppose I just don’t know what that meme is at this point
so how would you define the previous memetic position that led to children as a regular part of life?
Further, what is the new memetic position on children that is being implemented?
I think this is an interesting topic, so I've been posting all over the thread with some of my thoughts.
I'll start with increasing memes that I think are contributors to childrearing. I think risk aversion is a leading one. You see this in terms of teenage sex, drug use, and other risky behavior. The next increasing meme would be viewing the world through a materialistic and increasingly utilitarian economic lens. Think this comes at the cost of more sentimental for romantic view of existence. just looking at this threads, nearly every comment is materialist in nature: opportunity costs for leaving the workforce, social economic implications, ect. Conspicuously absent is discussion of experiential and emotional implications. What about people missing out on watching their child take their first steps or the joys and pains of the creative process that is nurturing a human into a functional adult.
I think this also plays into the idea that work is intrinsically something to be minimized or avoided, opposed to something powering that can be directed. I acknowledge that I'm presenting these all as unsubstantiated personal opinion, but I think they have Merit and would be worthy of further scrutiny.
Im not religious myself, but cant help but acknowledge the decline of religion it as an elephant in the room. Less so due to any specific religious doctrine, but the attention brings to non-material topics.
I don't know about the ones you mentioned, but I know that I the US, our national fertility rate is heavily increased by first generation immigrants, who are also more religious.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/23780231211031...
Religiosity is a contributing factor, but more influential is societal pressure (or lack thereof).
>> so how would you define the previous memetic position that led to children as a regular part of life?
>> Further, what is the new memetic position on children that is being implemented?
I'm not who you were asking, but I think "having children" may be an activity that is transitioning from being a larger part non-memetic to a larger part memetic, due to birth control technology. So the previous "non-memetic" position was if you like to have sex, that sex will lead to kids eventually. Now with birth control, you can like to have sex and not have kids, unless personal psychology and/or memes drive you to have kids.
> just looking at this threads, nearly every comment is materialist in nature: opportunity costs for leaving the workforce, social economic implications, ect. Conspicuously absent is discussion of experiential and emotional implications.
Your observation might be true, but I wouldn't really use a HN thread as support. This community, and the wider software engineer/technology community of which it is part, has a very skewed perspective and misunderstands quite a lot due to its poorly acknowledged limitations and biases. What I quoted from you hits one of those directly: a preference for and comfort with the mechanical over the emotional and interpersonal.
This meme has taken root substantially in the minds of The Rationalists also.
https://old.reddit.com/r/slatestarcodex/comments/1e2ow7e/so_...
A fun meme to launch would be that the Scott Alexander's, Richard Dawkins, Jordan Peterson's etc of the world should have to take at least some responsibility for the risk their memetic viruses introduce into the system.
Edit: I may be thinking of the other materialism, but they are closely related.
Most rationalist philosophy is underpinned by happiness utilitarianism, which I think is fundamentally flawed. First, I don't think happiness on an individual or Global level is the most important metric to optimize for. I think there are other objectives that can stand on their own merits, and even in contrast to happiness such as virtue, progress, and integrity. Secondly, I don't believe in the fungibility of happiness utils. Utilitarianism assumes and even requires that different forms of Happiness can be made equivalent without loss of information included in their qualia.
That said, I still think rationalists are ahead of the pack simply because they are interested in introspection, trying to examine life with open eyes, and trying to increase their individual agency to achieve their goals.
With that in mind, I think they are building an important foundation. This enables people to make up their own minds.
I have to admit that dialogue with rationalist or rationalist forums help me greatly and coming up with my own ideas, despite them being contrary to theirs. Simply Having forums to talk and think deeply is a rare and valuable service
Do you find anything strange about this popular phrase?
Take this for example:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_thinking
Could it be something like a unicorn, or a God, or pornography?
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_know_it_when_I_see_it
Members of The Rationalist community are (self-)reputed practitioners of the craft...but then you can regularly read threads like this:
https://old.reddit.com/r/slatestarcodex/comments/1e2ow7e/so_...
In simple terms, I just think it is just making effort to present the most robust and accurate case you can.
This involves questioning your work/thoughts before presenting/embracing them.
It involves being able put yourself in a skeptical position to it, and generate your own constructive feedback.
In some ways, it reminds me of the HN guidelines "Please respond to the strongest plausible interpretation of what someone says, not a weaker one that's easier to criticize. Assume good faith."
High quality communication is not the goal of any current social media platform. Some platforms are ideologically opposed to it.
From another comment:
>> Not sure why we aren't allowed to continue the discussion within 'flagged' comments.
The official reason: that "is not what HN is for".
Such a thing could be built, but whether it could be monetized (it would be extremely unpopular), or whether there is any wealthy human in existence who would fund it for the good of humanity, seems highly unlikely.
https://www.ica.gov.sg/docs/default-source/ica/stats/annual-...
As a corollary, if people are having fewer children with more thought and deliberation, then those children are probably better cared-for. I can't see that as a bad thing.
I don't think thats going to be accurate. A population of purely 20-40yr olds is going to be way more productive than a population of 60-80yr olds. This is typically the concern people bring up with the baby bust stats.
We achieved a lot of productivity by having a "young" demographic where there wasn't a lot of 60yr olds to each say 50- yr olds. There's going to be a productivity drop off as people voluntary retire or become too injured to work their original jobs. Additionally, older people require more supportive care so more old people means less young people in more productive (according to GDP) positions.
Take a look at Russia's demographics [1]. That bulge around 40yrs old is going to become a bulge at 60yrs old in 20 years while a lot of them will die so it'll be a smaller bulge at 60yrs old the 20yr old bulge will remain quite a bit smaller. Sure, Russia as a country won't disappear because of this; but they will be less competitive on the global scale and a lot of menial jobs will go unfilled because there just aren't bodies.
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Russia#/media/...
Perhaps GenAI will wipe out a lot of white collar work in that time. This frees up people to do physical labor.
Maybe it supercharges robotics or drones by letting them understand the physical world better. Think robotic orderlies changing bedpans, or robots picking fruit. Then we need fewer people for labor.
More likely it will be a combination of both.
"Couples of inter-ethnic marriages now have the additional option to reflect both their races for their child as a double-barrelled race. This is on top of the existing options of choosing only one of the two different races – either that of the father or the mother – for their child." [1]
Found it via searching it in wikipedia, and even that doesn't define it, only linking to [1] via footnote in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_in_Singapore .
[1] https://web.archive.org/web/20170729133759/https://www.ica.g...
I wonder how much longer those in power are going to stare this type of data in the face before realizing we need to make some fundamental systemic changes or this whole party is gonna come to a really nasty end. The first thing that goes in an animal population experiencing stress at scale is reproduction.
"women disproportionately bear the cost of child-rearing" is very difficult to measure objectively.
Not really, they've got the equipment for it (e.g. uteri and mammary glands). I think it would be impossible to "equalize" the cost without doing some extreme and bizarre things (e.g. have some kind of arbitrary Weregild-type thing to "equalize" the cost).
A significant part of the problem seems to be one of ideology colliding with reality.
* Mothers are still by and large the "default" entity for all child care, with it being notable for men to take on that role. Men are regularly praised for "babysitting the kids for mom" even though if you think about that for like, 30 seconds, you realize how insane it is. Of course dad watches the kids too, in any kind of equitable household, that would be expected.
* Mothers are also by default responsible for almost all child-adjacent logistics. School, activities, medical appointments, friend visits, school trips, sports, immunization scheduling.... Like, think about all the annoying logistical bullshit in life that you have to get done just for you, and then imagine that you have to do it all twice, for yourself, and for a secondary third party who oftentimes doesn't appreciate it either.
I think you should read that a little more expansively that the things I explicitly commented on.
Some examples of ideology: "children should be parented with high intensity", "men and women should be doing the exact same things in a family in exactly equal proportions with no specialization", "a family should consist of two capitalism-participting income-earners," etc.
I suspect fixing the issues you outlined with the fixes you're implying wouldn't actually do anything to increase birthrates.
If a mother feeds and cares for children, that can be viewed as a cost of children to her. If a man works to feed and house those same children, surely that is a cost of children to me.
I suspect part of the problem is a generation of people raised with just enough economics knowledge to be dangerous, with life viewed through lenses of cost, profit and risk instead of joy, experience, and sentimentalism.
IMHO, I think that's part of the problem, but I feel that it's more than "just enough economics knowledge to be dangerous." That knowledge definitely interferes with the ability to analyze the problem, but I don't think it's the main or only thing going on. You could probably add something like "individualism" to the left hand side and something like "duty" to the right to get closer.
The discussion around cost is a red herring. If it really was about cost, we'd be seeing the upper middle class having children by the ton. Most of us here on HN would have 10 children each, because cost definitely isn't an issue for any well-paid software engineer or startup founder.
I definitely think that you are right - this is definitely going to be a major crisis in the next few decades, and there needs to be a serious course correction, and -major- incentives for having kids.
But I don't think it comes down to cost, for the most part. I think there are a number of other factors, but cost just ends up being a nice easy scapegoat because it sounds completely reasonable. Nobody can argue with it, not even oneself.
This is the origin story of the contraceptive movement: either your population growth rate is contraception-limited, or it's death-limited. The latter is pretty horrific.
> If it really was about cost, we'd be seeing the upper middle class having children by the ton
The cost issue is even worse for everyone who isn't a rentier, because children need time, and the opportunity cost of that is higher the more you could be earning otherwise.
(hmm: "7 points by pjc50 18 minutes ago [flagged]" I see it's going to be one of those days)
And without modern healthcare a lot of them will die. If you want to make sure one of them inherits the farm (and provides for you if you manage to become old) you need to have enough children to achieve this at an acceptable level of risk.
I mean... the answer to that is, it's complicated. If you're talking the peasantry bound to the land owned by a Lord in ye olden days, I would say they were certainly stressed out and barely getting by, but they were different stressors. If they didn't grow enough food to pay their owed amount to the person who effectively owned them, they would obviously be in a really bad situation. But at the same time, that's something they could work on and reasonably plan ahead for: it's an actionable stressor, if you will. It's certainly a problem but it's a problem you can actually do something about.
In contrast, if you work in an industry that chronically underpays people, are saddled with various obligations, and are subject to extremely high costs of living, like, in theory you can try and get a better job maybe? But that's not nearly as actionable in general, and there's no guarantee that the better job is even out there, nor how many people you'd be competing with to get that better paying job. Sure, you have air conditioning, you have modern medical treatments, you have a whole host of things at your fingertips should you need them that those peasants wouldn't even dream of. But you also have a ton of stressors that are far more disconnected from your ability to solve them, that are down to systemic failures in our societies.
> The discussion around cost is a red herring. If it really was about cost, we'd be seeing the upper middle class having children by the ton.
That presumes that the upper middle class aren't also drowning in debt. I can't speak for everyone, but I assure you, I have the really nice house, relatively new vehicles, people would probably call me quite wealthy by the standards of the area I live in, and make no mistake, we're doing better than a lot of our neighbors, but I'm still like, three bad months from homelessness and that's definitely, along with the general trajectory of the world, one of the reasons why we're childfree.
I know tons of people my age who are doing much worse than me, who also have decided against children, even if temporarily because they are so damned expensive and there's basically no support here for parents save for a tax credit.
We save like 2/3 of my income. Taxes are probably over half of our expenses. I realize it's annoying and preachy and privileged and all that, but if you're high income, the comfort and confidence you get from never overextending yourself is priceless, and you can still be quite comfortable.
> I have the really nice house, relatively new vehicles,
and this
> I'm still like, three bad months from homelessness
are related.
I think it may have more to do with increasing cultural expectations we put on mothers and parents.
There was a times were it seemed like these expectations were much lower than today. To hear it from friends born in the 40's to 60's, the typical duties of parents basically ended at providing a roof and two meals a day.
“No Flat, No Child” is becoming more and more common as even public flat prices skyrocket
If you zoom out a bit more Germany's birth rate cratered in the 1960s/70s, generally attributed to the wider availability of oral contraceptives. Similarly in its peers. Though that's only the enabling technology, the lower desire for babies is almost certainly driven by other factors (urbanization, better health care, etc)
I'm not so sure about that. There's no law that says desire has to be aligned with needed action. For instance: up to the availability of oral contraceptives, it was very hard to avoid having kids even if you didn't want them. Kids would happen automatically if you desired a different thing: sex.
It's sort of like exercise: it used to not matter if someone desired to "exercise" or not, because they were forced to do lots of physical activity if they wanted to live (e.g. physical work on a farm, walk to the market, etc.). Now technology has enabled a previously impossible level of sedentary life for the common person, moving exercise from a necessity to a desire, we have huge and increasing levels of health problems in society because the desire for the needed thing itself isn't there.
I predict, after some period of time, "childfree" psychology will breed itself out of society, and the people who are left will have a lot more explicit desire for children.
That's one of the big differences between having a kid in Germany and the US.
(the sub-500 EUR/mo daycare is another one - and that was for a 1.5 engineer income couple)
[1]:https://www.populationpyramid.net/germany/2023/
[2]:https://www.populationpyramid.net/united-states-of-america/2...
And of course population pyramids are affected by both births/deaths and migration. Migration is a pretty big factor that is very different between the three countries (and that changed significantly over time as well)
That said, I think a more influential cause than either factor is the increasing risk aversion and increasing expectations across the board, and especially when it comes to partnering, life choices, and having kids. Simply put, people arent taking as many risks, and marriage and children are increasingly viewed as risks.
This is absolutely a story about risk, you're right on that. But I truly feel like you'd have to be willfully blinding yourself to not recognize that the risks are way worse than ever. The full grind of capitalism in a global economy has chewed up humanity & left us deeply powerless & exploited. The demands for housing health care, and help have shot to exceptional unaffordability. I don't think risk aversion has necessarily changed: it's just a fact that trying to raise a family is far riskier & much harder than it has been. Those willing to have a family have had to go against ever more abysmal ods.
Absolutely agree. My my main goal was to highlight the proportion of rearing duties may not be causal, or at least a root cause. Im not sure that equal division of labor would even help with two working parents.
>The full grind of capitalism in a global economy has chewed up humanity & left us deeply powerless & exploited.
Im not sure that I lay this all on capitalism, but think that at a minimum, the two are tied. Parallel desires for risk mitigation and consumption feed directly into trained helplessness. Housing and healthcare are prime examples of this.
I dont think that raising a family is intrinsically any riskier or harder, it is just harder to do in parallel with fulfilling other desires. People want family + X, and the expectations and cost for X grow ever higher.
It is obviously easier to have a family with a 500sqft trailer in the country than a 2000sqft house in the city.
What is changing over time in the US or Singapore? Is the opportunity cost getting higher? That could be an interesting idea.
I suppose it is as salaries and material compensation increases, so does the opportunity cost. A homemaker has less opportunity cost than a female professional making 250k per year.
It could be the case that the opportunity cost people are willing to pay for children is not perfectly elastic, and does not scale with income.
If you're gunning for a promotion it's not a great move to go on leave for 3+ months because of a kid. Say what you want, but uh people really do put off having kids until they're at a title they like.
That said, it's a tiny island, do they really need more people as a society? Or is this mainly looking at is a country wanting continuous neverending economic growth?
I mean, yes almost assuredly. But that doesn't mean shrinking populations are without their own issues, outside economic ones, elder care being the most obvious. And, shrinking populations can quite easily contribute to large-scale cultural demise, which is always something worth considering. That said, fewer humans overall is undeniably better for our environmental outlook.
It's only a crisis to economists who depend on an ever growing population to drive infinite growth.
Here's the shocker: one young person can care for more than one elderly person. Not every elderly person needs a young person exclusively devoted to them.
Also not all elderly people need caretakers. Not all elderly people are helpless without young people. My dad is well into his 70s now, and he may be retired, but is still helping family and friends, fixes up their homes, helps care for his grandchildren, and holds his own.
Society won't fall apart. You just need to adjust your expectations and things will work out in the end.
Not exactly a fertile ground to start a family on. And that doesn't even go into gender expectations.
My take on this is that the current performance culture we've been living since the 80s where we worship the economy over anything else is biting us in the ass. We value work over family and children. We even dare to call them an "opportunity cost".
We should return to a single income society. A modern version of it that is not gendered. A single full-time income should be enough to run the basics of a family. Fail to deliver this and there will be no families. In general we should work less and enjoy life more. Otherwise, what is the point?
The point of technical progress should be less labor needed. But this progress is never paid out because we keep using that room to make up new bullshit jobs to produce garbage products we don't need.
A dutch economist once calculated that about 40-50% of the world economy is bullshit. Busy-keep, non-essential, a replacement for boredom.
Anyway, a system that advocates for dual incomes, job insecurity and high retirement ages that sees children as a distraction to optimal performance will cease to exist. Children are the most valuable "product" in society, yet we care about it the least.
No. It's revealed preference, reflected worldwide. People think being single-income sucks. People think having kids sucks. They'll tell you they want to have kids and this and that if only it were "affordable", even when it's more affordable than it ever was for their parents. What their parent really had was a lack of contraception and other options; otherwise, they wouldn't've had kids and blamed it on something else the way you'd explain why you don't go to the gym more often. The way the world used to work has been a Ponzi scheme, and we've only now unlocked the ability to change the channel.
So no. There is no going back. And, even if there was, we'd only roll forward again since the fate of that lifestyle is to be defeated by your Bullshit Economy. It's a dead end. The only way is forward: growing posthumans in pods. We're only like 100 or 200 years away from that, and we'll make it there easily under a widening demographic pyramid.
The human part of any hybrid would be the weak part as it comes to performance. And since we don't care about typical human things, like family, why bother with a human part at all?