Termux, with code-server works very well. There are a few things that are missing. Haven't been able to get pytorch to work, but thats just a matter of figuring out how to build it from scratch.
I lost my VAX/VMS 11-780 machine in SimH because of this, when trying to get free Pascal installed.
I hate Android and its broken security model. Some day I'll get a capabilities based system, and never have to worry about this type of stuff again.
I don't think it's impossible to come up with a good UX for programming on a phone. I've enjoyed using Shortcuts for small things.
But I also don't think anyone has put any serious effort into figuring out this problem, so I'm not holding my breath on this.