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Deforestation has gone wrong many times in human history, from early to current. Tree logging has the same issues all other types of farming has, soil erosion, chancing of biotopes, disrupting runoff etc. The bigger the scale the worse consequences of tree farming are. The mono-culture of tree farming is closer to a parking lot than it is to nature.

There is forestry without tree farming, particularly for local firewood production from hunting lands, etc

Something that was sustainable when heating few hundred million people won't necessarily be sustainable when heating a few billion.

> I do not understand how it's not sustainable

It was “sustainable” only due to small population.

Most things in life are not sustainable with current population levels.